which pulmonary disorder causes alveolar dead space?

Hypocapnia is a hyperventilation disorder with abnormally reduced P aCO2 at rest (below 33 mmHg or 4.4 kPa).Hypercapnia refers to a resting condition with hypoventilation, where P aCO2 is higher than 6.4 kPa (48 mmHg).When the distance between the capillary blood and the cells is large, diffusion becomes a limiting factor even at high bloodflow. Diffusion-limitation of gas exchange is a condition where equilibration does not occur between the gas tension in the pulmonary capillaries and the alveolar lumen.Diffusion capacity for the lung (D L ) is defined as the volume of gas diffusing through the lung barrier per min and per unit of pressure gradient (D L = V ° O2 / D P ).Diffusion is a transport of atoms or molecules caused by their random thermal motion.Cardiac output is the volume of blood leaving the left (or the right) ventricle each min.Alveolar oxygen uptake per min is the uptake of oxygen molecules into the passing pulmonary blood - into the cardiac output.Bernoulli’s principle or equations (see Eq.

To use the concepts in problem solving and case histories.

To explain the alveolar dead space, veno-arterial shunts, uneven regional ventilation-perfusion ratio in health and disease, and peripheral gas exchange.

To explain the alveolar oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide output, pulmonary vascular resistance and pressures.

To calculate the pulmonary perfusion, use the alveolar gas equation, the alveolar ventilation equation, the final V ° A / Q ° - equation, and the law of mass balance in calculations.

To describe Henry’s and Dalton’s laws, factors of importance for the lung diffusion capacity and pulmonary perfusion, and its measurements, describe the P O2- P CO2-diagram, hypo-and hyperventilation, pulmonary water balance, and mixed venous blood composition.

To define cardiac output, diffusion, diffusion- and perfusion-limited gas exchange, hypercapnia, hypocapnia, hypoxia, respiratory quotient (RQ), ventilatory exchange ratio( R), and the ventilation-perfusion ratio ( V ° A / Q ° -ratio).

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Thermoregulation, temperature and disorders Metabolism and Gastrointestinal Function*.Textbook in Medical Physiology And PathophysiologyĬhapter 14 Pulmonary gas exchange and disorders

Which pulmonary disorder causes alveolar dead space?